{"id":5175,"date":"2025-10-26T16:56:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T13:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dimofinf.sa\/blog\/?p=5175"},"modified":"2025-10-27T11:31:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T08:31:44","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dimofinf.sa\/blog\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-sql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 SQL \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a | \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL\u00a0 \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 SQL \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643.

<\/div>
\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/svg>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Structured Query Language\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 (RDBMS)\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 IBM \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f SQL \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Java<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 (DML)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644: INSERT \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u0648 UPDATE \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u0648DELETE \u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 (DDL)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 CREATE \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0648 ALTER \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c\u00a0\u0648DROP \u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 (DCL)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 GRANT \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648 REVOKE \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 (TCL) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ROLLBACK \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 SQL \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 (DQL) \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SELECT \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629.

<\/div>
\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/svg>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n

\"\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong>\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 SQL:<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 SQL \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a SQL \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.

<\/div>
\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/svg>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 SQL \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ANSI \u0648ISO\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a SQL \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a SQL \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong> (Tables) <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 (Record) \u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> (Queries) <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 SELECT \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 <\/strong>\u00a0(WHERE Clause)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0637 WHERE salary > 5000.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 <\/strong>\u00a0(ORDER BY)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u00a0<\/strong>(GROUP BY)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 <\/strong>\u00a0(Functions)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 SQL \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 COUNT() \u00a0\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648AVG() \u00a0\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648MAX() \u00a0\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 <\/strong>\u00a0(Joins)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>\u00a0(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u00a0(INSERT)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u00a0(UPDATE)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u00a0(DELETE)<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 (RDBMS) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 MySQL\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648SQL \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a NoSQL \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 SQL.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a NoSQL \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 SQL \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a (Dialects)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 SQL \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0629 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631<\/strong> JOIN<\/strong>:<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631<\/strong> JOIN<\/strong> \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong>\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 SQL:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MySQL<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Oracle. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 .\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PostgreSQL<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 <\/strong>SQL<\/strong>\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0644\u063a\u0629 SQL \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u200eSELECT \u2192 FROM \u2192 WHERE \u2192 GROUP BY \u2192 HAVING \u2192 ORDER BY\u200e \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u200eSELECT\u200e \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u200e<\/strong>WHERE<\/strong>\u200e<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u200eDELETE\u200e \u0623\u0648 \u200eUPDATE\u200e \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u200e<\/strong>GROUP BY<\/strong>\u200e<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u200eCOUNT\u200e \u0623\u0648 \u200eAVG\u200e \u0623\u0648 \u200eSUM\u200e \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u200eGROUP BY\u200e\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u200e<\/strong>JOIN<\/strong>\u200e<\/strong> \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u200eSELECT\u200e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644 SQL \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 SQL \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643<\/p>\n

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